Siberia Landscape, History, Climate, and Population

Siberia is the region making up nearly all of Northern Asia. It is made up of the central and eastern portions of Russia and it encompasses the area from the Ural Mountains east to the Pacific Ocean. It also extends from the Arctic Ocean south to northern Kazakhstan and the borders of Mongolia and China. In total Siberia covers 5.1 million square miles (13.1 million sq km) or 77% of Russias territory. History of Siberia Siberia has a long history that dates back to prehistoric times. Evidence of some of the earliest human species has been found in southern Siberia that dates back to about 40,000 years ago. These species include Homo neanderthalensis, the species before humans, and Homo sapiens, humans, as well as a currently unidentified species whose fossils were found in March 2010. In the early 13th century the area of present-day Siberia was conquered by the Mongols. Prior to that time, Siberia was inhabited by various nomadic groups. In the 14th century, the independent Siberian Khanate was established after the breakup of the Golden Horde in 1502. In the 16th century, Russia began to grow in power and it started to take lands from the Siberian Khanate. Initially, the Russian army began to establish forts farther east and eventually it developed the towns of Tara, Yeniseysk, and Tobolsk and extended its area of control to the Pacific Ocean. Outside of these towns, however, most of Siberia was sparsely populated and only traders and explorers entered the region. In the 19th century, Imperial Russia and its territories began sending prisoners to Siberia. At its height, around 1.2 million prisoners were sent to Siberia. Beginning in 1891, the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway began to link Siberia to the rest of Russia. From 1801 to 1914, about seven million people moved from European Russia to Siberia and from 1859 to 1917 (after the construction of the railroad was complete) over 500,000 people moved to Siberia. In 1893, Novosibirsk was founded, which today is Siberias largest city, and in the 20th century, industrial towns grew throughout the region as Russia began to exploit its many natural resources. In the early to mid-1900s, Siberia continued to grow in population as natural resource extraction became the main economic practice of the region. In addition, during the time of the Soviet Union, prison labor camps were set up in Siberia that were similar to those created earlier by Imperial Russia. From 1929 to 1953, over 14 million people worked in these camps. Today Siberia has a population of 36 million people and it is divided into several different districts. The region also has a number of major cities, of which Novosibirsk is the largest with a population of 1.3 million people. Geography and Climate of Siberia Siberia has a total area of over 5.1 million square miles (13.1 million sq km) and as such, it has a highly varied topography that covers several different geographic zones. The major geographical zones of Siberia, however, are the West Siberian Plateau and the Central Siberian Plateau. The West Siberian Plateau is mainly flat and swampy. The northern portions of the plateau are dominated by permafrost, while the southern areas are comprised of grasslands. The Central Siberian Plateau is an ancient volcanic region that is rich in natural materials and minerals like manganese, lead, zinc, nickel, and cobalt. It also has areas with deposits of diamonds and gold. However, most of this area is under permafrost and the dominant landscape type outside of the extreme northern areas (which are tundra) is taiga. Outside of these major regions, Siberia has several rugged mountain ranges that include the Ural Mountains, the Altai Mountains, and the Verkhoyansk Range. The highest point in Siberia is Klyuchevskaya Sopka, an active volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula, at 15,253 feet (4,649 m). Siberia is also home to Lake Baikal - the worlds oldest and deepest lake. Lake Baikal is estimated to be around 30 million years old and, at its deepest point, it is 5,387 feet (1,642 meters) deep. It also contains about 20% of the Earths non-frozen water. Nearly all of the vegetation in Siberia is taiga, but there are tundra areas on in its northern areas and an area of temperate forests in the south. Most of Siberias climate is subarctic and precipitation is low except for the Kamchatka Peninsula. The average January low temperature of Novosibirsk, Siberias largest city, is -4ËšF (-20ËšC), while the average July high is 78ËšF (26ËšC). Economy and People of Siberia Siberia is rich in minerals and natural resources which led to its early development and makes up the majority of its economy today as agriculture is limited due to permafrost and a short growing season. As a result of the rich mineral and natural resource supplies, the region today has a total population of 36 million people. Most of the people are of Russian and Ukrainian descent but there are also ethnic Germans and other groups. In the far eastern parts of Siberia, there is also a considerable amount of Chinese. Nearly all of Siberias population (70%) lives in cities.

China s Justice System And Its International Police...

The United States is a powerhouse when it comes to laws and regulations and is constantly being compared to other countries. From the origins of our justice system, which originated in England, to what it has become today, can be said to be a culmination of laws and adaptations of laws from other countries. This may be true, but other countries also model our ways of being and others just hate our legal system. Many countries do not take rights of citizens into account like the United States does and this is a major problem. The United States justice system believes that you are innocent until proven guilty, but the opposite is so for some other countries and you are guilty until you can prove your innocence. This paper will serve to†¦show more content†¦Since then, efforts have been made to enact basic laws concerning criminal justice administration. It was in 1979, after the period of Cultural Revolution which lasted for ten years, that the Criminal Law and Criminal Proced ure Law were enacted. At the same time, laws concerning the organization and function of the courts and public prosecution were also re-organized. Basic laws with regard to the lawyers, arrest and detention of the suspects, civil suit procedures, marriages, etc. have been established. The Chinese Criminal Law takes the concept of Marxism, Leninism and Mao Zedong as its guide (Lectlaw Staff, n.d.). In China’s Criminal Law, crimes are classified into eight categories according to the object of the crime. The Law takes the Constitution as its basis. Article 28 of the Constitution stipulates that: The State maintains public order and suppresses treasonable and other counter-revolutionary activities; it penalizes acts that endanger public security and disrupt the socialist economy and other criminal activities, and punishes and reforms criminals (Lectlaw, n.d.). The Criminal Law provides that Principal Punishments are classified as control, criminal detention, fixed term imprisonment, life imprisonment and death penalty. Control is a criminal penalty imposed for minor offences. Criminal detention is a criminal penalty imposed for relatively minor offences, and totally different from pre-trial detention The deathShow MoreRelatedPolice Enforcement Agencies Have Co mmon Goals922 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican police as well. Chinese police are comprised of five different departments and responsibilities. The most well-known is the public security police, which is the most common with America and other countries. Judicial police work as people’s procurators and judicial police in the people s courts. State security police, similar to the FBI in America, and prison police, otherwise known as correctional officers. 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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ( T2d ) - 1438 Words

Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disease in which insulin is secreted by the pancreas in response to an increase in blood glucose levels. In T2D, the body makes insulin; however there is resistance of target tissues to insulin, leading to abnormal insulin secretion (Government of Canada, 2013). Thus, increased levels of insulin need to be produced in order to maintain normal blood glucose levels within the body (Government of Canada, 2013).With the growing epidemic of sedentary lifestyle in the Western hemisphere, there is an increasing prevalence in the number of diagnosed cases of T2D. There are many risk factors associated with T2D such as being overweight or obese, high blood pressure,†¦show more content†¦Although the impacts of combined endurance and resistance training have been shown to have contradictory effects in the general population (Leveritt et al., 1999), there may be positive outcomes for those with T2D in order to improve t heir current condition and reduce risk of co-morbidity (Larose et al., 2012). The current review paper aims to examine the effects of concurrent endurance and resistance training and its implications for glycemic control, fasting blood glucose levels, insulin sensitivity, body mass index, and VO2max changes in T2D patients. Inclusion Criteria Using scientific databases, studies that were conducted in order to examine the effects of endurance and resistance training on T2D were included in the review. Due to the limited amount of literature available, all studies that focused on concurrent training were included regardless of their relative length of studies. In the study by Yavari et al. (2012), they examined the effects of concurrent resistance and endurance training on glycemic control over a 52 week period. Yavari et al. (2012) randomized 80 participants into aerobic exercise, resistance training, combined training and a control group. Participants in the combined exercise group trained 3 times a week for 20-30 minutes on a treadmill or a cycle ergometer and 2 sets of 8 exercises for 8-10 repetitions. Yavari et al. (2012) measured

Freud and Rapunzel free essay sample

In the fairy tale â€Å"Rapunzel†, the dreamer, Rapunzel, successfully passes through all the Freudian psychosexual stages of development. Symbolism helps to illustrate the dreamer’s movement through the five stages. The Witch portrays the super-ego figure in â€Å"Rapunzel†. Rapunzel’s mother plays the Id figure. The events of Rapunzel’s life lead the reader to identify the dream as more of a nightmare. Her father agrees to give Rapunzel to a witch, who then locks Rapunzel in a tall tower; only rescued by a passing prince. Yonic and phallic imagery help identify the dreamer’s current stage of psychosexual development. Although delayed by the witch, the dreamer Rapunzel eventually passes through all stages of psychosexual development. The Dreamer first experiences the Oral stage, which can be represented by dependency, food, or other oral imagery. Rapunzel begins her psychosexual journey in the oral stage, when inside her mother’s womb. Her mother, desiring rampion from the witch’s garden, orders her husband to retrieve it. We will write a custom essay sample on Freud and Rapunzel or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Rapunzel’s father, who loves his wife, scales the wall and retrieves the rampion. Upon his return Rapunzel’s mother prepares a great salad â€Å"which tasted so good that her longing for the forbidden food was greater than ever† (1). Once again Rapunzel’s father scales the wall to fulfill his wife’s desire, but finds that now the witch waits for him. After explaining himself, the witch agrees that Rapunzel’s father may have as much rampion as his wife desires if they will give the witch their unborn child. In terror, Rapunzel’s father agrees to the witch’s terms. The oral stage is represented through the mother’s desire for the rampion. The oral stage identifies through acts of eating and dependency. Rapunzel’s mother demands that her husband retrieve rampion or she â€Å"shall die†, the dreamer develops a dependency on the rampion (1). The garden characterizes a yonic symbol. The rampion, referred to as a â€Å"forbidden food†, leads to similarities in the story of Adam and Eve (1). In turn when the father agrees to the witch’s desires, this denotes an act of obedience. His act of agreement transitions the dreamer to the anal stage. The witch takes the baby as part of the agreement, naming her Rapunzel, another word for rampion, symbolizing another oral image. When Rapunzel turns twelve, the witch locks her in a tower to hide her  beauty from the world. Although the tower represents phallic image, it also symbolizes how the dreamer becomes anal-retentive. The tower â€Å"had neither stairs nor doors, only high up at the very top a small window†; the witch tries to keep Rapunzel from the outside world, in theory, keeping her in (1). During the anal stage, a normal child learns to control ones bodily functions. Thus, Rapunzel becomes dependent on the witch. As the story continues, a prince happens upon the tower and learns that the entrance to Rapunzel’s tower is by her, long blonde hair. So the next day he comes to the tower, and repeats the witch’s words â€Å"Let down your golden hair† and the Prince climbs up (2). At first, the prince scares Rapunzel but he then â€Å"spoke to her so kindly† and that â€Å"his heart had been so touched by her singing† (2). Rapunzel undergoes sexual identification through the prince, another indication of the phallic stage. The prince then offers to help Rapunzel leave the tower and â€Å"to marry him† (2). Rapunzel agrees to the prince’s plan, and in effect, she attempts to leave the anal stage. But when her escape is eminent she slips in revealing that she communicates with the prince. After her failed attempt to move to the phallic stage she regresses back to the oral stage until the dreamer then again tries to transition from the anal to phallic stage. When the witch learns of Rapunzel’s communication with the prince she â€Å"seized Rapunzel’s beautiful hair, wound it round and round her left hand, and then grasping a pair of scissors in her right† and cuts her hair off (3). Soon after, she brings Rapunzel to a desert place to live in loneliness and misery. The witch cutting off Rapunzel’s hair illustrates a castration image. When the prince arrives, he is surprised to find the witch instead of the beautiful Rapunzel. Full of grief, the prince jumps from the tower in the process, stabbing his eyes out. The prince wanders, â€Å"blind and miserable† for some years, â€Å"lamenting the loss of his bride† (3). This period of time represents the latency stage. In the latency stage, the dreamer remains free from sexual tension. When the prince finally encounters Rapunzel again, the dreamer transitions into the last and final stage, the Genital stage. Rapunzel’s tears, a yonic symbol, cure the prince of his blindness and the two, â€Å"lived happily ever after† (3). The prince and Rapunzel finding of each other again symbolizes an act of creation and maturity. Rapunzel, finally free from the witch, completes her psychosexual development. By the end of the fairy tale, the dreamer, Rapunzel, remains fine. The dreamer successfully passes through all the stages of psychosexual development. Even with the witch’s attempts to keep Rapunzel dependent, Rapunzel with help from the prince, reaches the genital stage or maturity.